Microbiology BSc

Sabrina O'Neil
Oct 13
4 min read

Updated: Oct 14

Microbiology is the study of microscopic organisms, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa, and algae. It explores how these organisms function, interact, and influence human health, the environment, and global ecosystems. Microbiology sits at the intersection of biology, chemistry, and medicine, combining laboratory science with applied research.

A Bachelor of Science (BSc) in Microbiology provides students with a deep understanding of the role microbes play in health, disease, biotechnology, and the natural world. The degree develops both theoretical knowledge and practical laboratory skills essential for careers in research, healthcare, and industry.

Why Study Microbiology?

There are many reasons why students choose to study Microbiology:

An interest in understanding how microorganisms impact life on Earth, from disease to biotechnology.
A desire to contribute to advances in medicine, pharmaceuticals, and infection control.
Opportunities to explore microbiology’s role in global issues such as antimicrobial resistance, pandemics, and climate change.
Hands-on experience with modern laboratory techniques and research projects.
Development of analytical and problem-solving skills that are valuable in science and beyond.
A degree that leads to careers in healthcare, research, and environmental management.

Course Duration and Structure

In the UK, a BSc in Microbiology typically takes three years of full-time study. Some universities offer a four-year course that includes an industrial placement, a year abroad, or an integrated master’s degree (MSci) with extended research training.

A typical degree structure includes:

Year 1: Introduction to microbiology, biochemistry, and cell biology, with laboratory sessions in microbiological techniques and safety.

Year 2: Intermediate study of microbial physiology, genetics, immunology, and molecular biology, supported by practical training in data analysis and experimental design.

Year 3: Advanced topics such as medical microbiology, virology, biotechnology, and infection control, alongside an independent research project or dissertation.

Many programmes include research-focused laboratory work and opportunities to gain experience in diagnostic, clinical, or environmental microbiology.

Entry Requirements

Entry requirements vary between universities but generally include one of the following:

A Levels: Including Biology and Chemistry.
BTEC: A relevant Extended Diploma in Applied Science or a related biological subject.
International Baccalaureate (IB): Including Higher Level Biology and Chemistry.
Other qualifications: Equivalent foundation or international programmes in science or health-related disciplines.
English language proficiency: Required for applicants whose first language is not English.

Teaching and Assessment

Teaching in Microbiology degrees combines lectures, tutorials, and extensive laboratory work, ensuring that students develop both scientific understanding and technical competence.

Assessment methods typically include:

Written examinations and in-class tests
Laboratory reports and practical assessments
Coursework and essays
Oral presentations and group projects
A final-year dissertation or independent research project

Continuous assessment is often used to evaluate laboratory performance and research progress.

Skills You Will Develop

A degree in Microbiology provides a broad set of technical and professional skills, including:
Understanding of microbial structure, physiology, genetics, and ecology.
Laboratory competence in aseptic technique, culturing, microscopy, and molecular analysis.
Application of microbiological methods in medicine, food production, and biotechnology.
Data collection, statistical analysis, and interpretation of scientific results.
Critical thinking, problem-solving, and experimental design.
Scientific communication and teamwork.

These skills are highly transferable and sought after across multiple industries.

Career Prospects

Microbiology graduates can pursue a variety of careers across healthcare, research, and industrial sectors. Some continue into postgraduate study or professional training in related disciplines.

Typical career paths include:

Research in universities, government laboratories, or biotechnology companies
Clinical or biomedical laboratory work in hospitals and healthcare organisations
Pharmaceutical and vaccine development
Food and water safety testing
Environmental monitoring and waste management
Science communication, teaching, and policy roles
Further study in microbiology, molecular biology, or public health

Employers value Microbiology graduates for their laboratory expertise, data-handling skills, and ability to apply scientific knowledge to real-world challenges.

Tips for Prospective Students

Review your knowledge of biology and chemistry before starting your degree.
Gain early laboratory experience through volunteering or summer placements.
Practise aseptic techniques and develop good attention to detail for laboratory work.
Stay informed about current microbiological issues such as antibiotic resistance and emerging pathogens.
Learn basic statistical and data analysis skills, as these are essential for interpreting research findings.
Get involved in student science societies or microbiology networks to build experience and contacts.

Course Variations

Universities may offer several related or specialised programmes, such as:

Microbiology (General): Covering all major aspects of microbial science.
Medical Microbiology: Focusing on infectious diseases, immunology, and diagnostics.
Industrial or Applied Microbiology: Exploring biotechnology, fermentation, and pharmaceutical production.
Environmental Microbiology: Concentrating on microbial ecology, pollution control, and bioremediation.
MSci Microbiology: A four-year integrated master’s course with additional research and advanced study.
Year Abroad or Industrial Placement: Opportunities to gain professional or international experience in research or industry.