Biology BSc

Biology is the scientific study of living organisms, from microscopic cells to entire ecosystems. It explores the mechanisms of life, evolution, biodiversity and the role of biology in addressing global challenges such as climate change, disease and conservation. A Biology degree is ideal for students who are curious about the natural world and enjoy both laboratory and fieldwork.

Course Structure

Most Biology degrees last three years full time, or four years with a placement year or study abroad. Many universities offer variations such as Molecular Biology, Marine Biology, or Biology with Conservation. Some also offer an integrated master’s degree (MSci/MBiol) over four years.

Teaching combines lectures, laboratory practicals, field trips, seminars, group projects and independent research. Assessment methods usually include exams, lab reports, essays, presentations and a final-year dissertation or project.

Typical Modules

Year 1 – Foundations of Biology

Cell Biology and Biochemistry

Evolution and Genetics

Biodiversity and Ecology

Human Physiology

Laboratory Skills and Scientific Methods

Year 2 – Core Areas of Biology

Molecular Biology and Genomics

Microbiology and Immunology

Ecology and Environmental Change

Animal and Plant Physiology

Research Methods and Data Analysis

Optional modules such as Marine Biology, Behavioural Ecology or Developmental Biology

Year 3 – Advanced Topics and Research

Conservation Biology or Biotechnology

Neurobiology or Cancer Biology

Climate Change Biology

Advanced Field or Lab-Based Research Skills

Dissertation or Independent Research Project

Optional specialist topics may include bioinformatics, synthetic biology or tropical ecology.

Useful A-Level or BTEC Subjects

• A levels: Biology (essential), plus Chemistry, Maths or Physics.

  
  

• BTECs: Applied Science (with a strong biology focus) may be considered by some universities.

  
  

• International Baccalaureate: Higher Level Biology is essential, with Chemistry or Maths highly recommended.

What Makes a Strong Application

Universities look for students who are enthusiastic about science and research. A strong application should include:

• Good grades in biology and supporting sciences.

  
  

• A personal statement highlighting curiosity about the natural world, laboratory or fieldwork experience, and long-term interests.

  
  

• Evidence of wider engagement, such as attending science clubs, completing online courses, volunteering with conservation groups or visiting science museums.

  
  

• Practical skills in lab work and strong numeracy for data analysis.

  
  

Transferable Skills You Will Develop

A Biology degree develops both specialist scientific knowledge and transferable skills, including:

• Laboratory and field techniques – collecting and analysing data.

  
  

• Research and problem-solving – designing experiments and testing hypotheses.

  
  

• Critical thinking – evaluating evidence and theories.

  
  

• Communication – presenting findings in writing and orally.

  
  

• Teamwork – collaborating on field and lab projects.

  
  

• Data handling – working with statistics and bioinformatics tools.

Wider Reading: Recommended Books for Aspiring Biology Students

Here are four accessible and inspiring books:

“The Selfish Gene” by Richard Dawkins – A classic introduction to evolutionary theory.

“The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks” by Rebecca Skloot – The human story behind a famous cell line used in research.

“Life Ascending” by Nick Lane – Explores the ten great inventions of evolution.

“Sapiens: A Brief History of Humankind” by Yuval Noah Harari – A thought-provoking account of human biology and culture.

Typical Pay After Graduation

Biology graduates follow varied career paths. Starting salaries are typically £22,000–£28,000 in roles such as laboratory assistant, environmental consultancy, conservation officer or science communication. With further training (e.g. PhD, medicine, teaching), salaries can rise to £35,000–£50,000. Senior roles in research, biotechnology, pharmaceuticals or academia may reach £60,000–£80,000+.