Economics Degree BA/BSc

Economics is the study of how individuals, businesses and governments allocate resources and make decisions. It explores markets, trade, growth, inequality, and the impact of policy on everyday life. An Economics degree combines mathematical, analytical and problem-solving skills, making it ideal for students who enjoy working with numbers, critical thinking and applying theory to real-world issues.

Course Structure

Most Economics degrees last three years full time, or four years with a placement year or study abroad. Some universities also offer an integrated master’s (MEcon) over four years. Many are accredited by professional bodies such as the Royal Economic Society (RES) or Chartered Institute for Securities and Investment (CISI).

Teaching methods include lectures, seminars, quantitative workshops, group projects and case studies. Assessment usually involves exams, essays, problem sets, data projects, presentations and a final-year dissertation or research project.

Typical Modules

Year 1 – Foundations of Economics

Microeconomics (individuals, markets and firms)

Macroeconomics (growth, unemployment, inflation)

Mathematics for Economists (algebra, calculus, optimisation)

Statistics and Probability

Economic History and Global Development

Introduction to Econometrics

Year 2 – Core Economic Tools

Intermediate Microeconomics (consumer and producer theory)

Intermediate Macroeconomics (monetary and fiscal policy)

Econometrics and Data Analysis

International Trade and Global Finance

Public Economics (government spending and taxation)

Optional modules: Behavioural Economics, Development Economics, Labour Markets

Year 3 – Advanced Study and Applications

Advanced Microeconomics and Game Theory

Advanced Macroeconomics (business cycles, monetary theory)

Applied Econometrics (time series, forecasting)

Financial Economics

Environmental and Health Economics

Dissertation or Independent Research Project

Optional modules may include inequality and poverty, political economy, or economics of technology and innovation.

Useful A-Level or BTEC Subjects

Entry requirements vary, but common offers are AAB–ABB, often with A level Mathematics required. Helpful subjects include:

• A levels: Mathematics (essential at most universities), Further Maths, Economics, Statistics or Physics.

  
  

• BTECs: Applied Business or IT may be considered, often alongside A level Maths.

  
  

• International Baccalaureate: Higher Level Maths is essential, with Economics or Business also useful.

What Makes a Strong Application

Universities look for students with strong numeracy and analytical ability. A strong application should include:

• Good grades in mathematics and related subjects.

  
  

• A personal statement demonstrating interest in economic issues, policies or theories.

  
  

• Evidence of wider engagement, such as reading economic news, following think tank research, or online courses in data analysis.

  
  

• Extracurriculars like debating, maths clubs, Model UN or economics competitions.

Transferable Skills You Will Develop

An Economics degree builds both specialist and transferable skills, including:

• Quantitative skills – applying maths and statistics to economic problems.

  
  

• Analytical thinking – evaluating data and building arguments.

  
  

• Problem-solving – applying theory to real-world issues.

  
  

• Communication – presenting findings clearly to technical and non-technical audiences.

  
  

• Research – designing and conducting independent studies.

  
  

• Decision-making – using evidence to support policies and strategies.

Wider Reading: Recommended Books for Aspiring Economics Students

Here are four accessible and inspiring books:

“Freakonomics” by Steven D. Levitt and Stephen J. Dubner – A quirky and engaging look at economics in everyday life.

“The Undercover Economist” by Tim Harford – Explains hidden economic forces shaping the world.

“Capital in the Twenty-First Century” by Thomas Piketty – A major study of inequality and wealth distribution.

“Economics: The User’s Guide” by Ha-Joon Chang – A readable introduction to different schools of economic thought.

Typical Pay After Graduation

Economics graduates are highly employable. Starting salaries are typically £28,000–£32,000 in roles such as financial analyst, policy researcher, economic consultant or data analyst. With experience, mid-level roles in finance, consultancy, government or international organisations can earn £40,000–£60,000. Senior economists, consultants or finance professionals can reach £70,000–£100,000+.