Philosophy BA

Philosophy is the study of fundamental questions about knowledge, reality, morality, and human existence. It encourages students to think critically, challenge assumptions and develop logical arguments. A Philosophy degree provides intellectual depth while developing transferable skills valued across many industries. It is an excellent choice for students who are curious, reflective and enjoy exploring big ideas.

Course Structure

Most Philosophy degrees last three years full time, or four years with a placement or study abroad option. Many universities offer combined degrees, such as Philosophy, Politics and Economics (PPE) or Philosophy with Theology, History or Psychology.

Teaching involves lectures, seminars, debates, independent reading and essay writing. Assessment methods usually include essays, presentations, exams and a final-year dissertation or independent project.

Typical Modules

Year 1 – Foundations of Philosophy

Introduction to Philosophy

Logic and Critical Thinking

Ethics and Moral Philosophy

Ancient Philosophy (Plato and Aristotle)

Knowledge and Reality (Epistemology and Metaphysics)

Year 2 – Core Themes and Specialisation

Philosophy of Mind and Consciousness

Political Philosophy and Justice

Philosophy of Science

Continental Philosophy (Kant, Nietzsche, Foucault)

Language, Logic and Meaning

Year 3 – Advanced Philosophy and Research

Philosophy of Religion

Modern Moral Problems (e.g. bioethics, climate ethics, AI)

Metaphysics and the Nature of Reality

Dissertation or Independent Research Project

Optional specialist modules (e.g. philosophy of law, aesthetics, feminism, existentialism)

Useful A-Level or BTEC Subjects

Entry requirements vary, but helpful subjects include:

• A levels: Philosophy, Religious Studies, English Literature, Politics, History or Sociology.

  
  

• BTECs: Humanities or Social Science subjects may be accepted at some universities.

  
  

• International Baccalaureate: Higher Level Philosophy, English or History are strong choices.

  
  

• Strong writing and critical reasoning skills are key to success.

  
  

What Makes a Strong Application

• Universities look for students who are thoughtful, analytical and open-minded. A strong application should include:

  
  

• Strong academic performance in essay-based subjects.

  
  

• A personal statement showing intellectual curiosity and interest in philosophical questions.

  
  

• Evidence of critical thinking, such as involvement in debating clubs, Model UN or extended essays.

  
  

• Reading beyond the curriculum, exploring philosophy books, podcasts or journals.

Transferable Skills You Will Develop

• Philosophy provides a strong foundation of skills valuable in many careers:

  
  

• Critical thinking – analysing arguments and evaluating evidence.

  
  

• Logical reasoning – constructing and assessing valid arguments.

  
  

• Communication – writing persuasively and debating clearly.

  
  

• Problem-solving – approaching complex issues from multiple perspectives.

  
  

• Ethical awareness – reflecting on moral dilemmas in society.

  
  

• Research and organisation – managing independent projects.

Wider Reading: Recommended Books for Aspiring Philosophy Students

Here are four accessible books to inspire and prepare you:

“The Problems of Philosophy” by Bertrand Russell – A classic introduction to major philosophical issues.

“Meditations” by Marcus Aurelius – Ancient wisdom from Stoic philosophy, still relevant today.

“Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do?” by Michael Sandel – A clear introduction to moral and political philosophy.

“Sophie's World” by Jostein Gaarder – A novel that doubles as an accessible history of philosophy.

Typical Pay After Graduation

Philosophy graduates pursue diverse careers, so salaries vary. Starting roles in publishing, teaching, government or business typically pay £22,000–£28,000. With experience, careers in law, consultancy, public policy or management can earn £35,000–£50,000. Senior roles in leadership, academia or research may reach £60,000+.